Female Poets and the Dark Side of Life Essay -- Rossetti Poetry Poems

Female Poets and the Dark Side of Life During the mid-nineteenth century many female poets including Christina Rossetti seemed to lean upon the dark side of life presenting very dark and shadowed emotions within their poetry. Yet this is not to say that they were depressed but in many ways in can be inferred that these dark themes may have been influenced by the era in which they were living. Many historians have suggested that the second half of the nineteenth century was culturally, a rather strange period. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was started in 1848 by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Everett Millais and William Holman Hunt, as a reaction against what they saw as the stale, formula-driven art produced by the Royal Academy at the time. They aimed to go back to a more genuine art, exemplified as they saw it by the work of the Nazarenes, and rooted in realism and truth to nature. The Pre-Raphaelites, being young, talented, and having many ideas of their own, felt stifled by the rigidity of the Royal Academy's idea of what tasteful, beautiful art should be. ...

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Essay

I decided to write my paper about the coagulation system, including clot formation, but mainly about Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, also known as DIC, is a pathological activation of blood clotting mechanisms that may happen in response to a variety of diseases, or illnesses. However, DIC, is most commonly observed in severe sepsis and septic shock. DIC is not a specific illness, rather it is a complication or an effect of the progression of other illnesses or diseases. (Porth, 2011). When the body becomes injured, certain proteins in your blood become activated and travel to the injury site to help stop bleeding and control hemostasis. Hemostasis is the normal process of sealing off a blood vessel to prevent blood loss and hemorrhage. It is abnormal when it fails to appropriately clot the blood, or when this clotting is insufficient to stop the bleeding. Following an injury, there is an immediate vessel spasm that promotes vasoconstri ction, which tries to diminish the blood flow. Collagen from the damaged site, releases platelets which adhere to the damaged vessel, and there, they undergo degranulation and release cytoplasmic granules, ADP, Thromboxane A2, and Serotonin which is a vasoconstrictor. The ADP then attracts more platelets to the area, and the Thromboxane A2 promotes platelet aggregation, degranulation, and even more vasoconstriction. This process promotes the formation of a platelet plug. The damaged tissue now releases Factor III (3), which, with the aid of Ca++, will activate Factor VII (7), which initiates the extrinsic mechanism of clotting. Factor XII (12), which comes from active platelets, will activate Factor XI (11), which initiates the intrinsic mechanism. Both active Factors VII (7), and active Factors XI (11), promote a cascade-like reaction, eventually activating Factor X (10). Activating Factor X (10), along with Factor III (3), V (5), Ca++, and Platelet Thromboplastic Factor, all activate prothrombin. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin.Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Fibrin initially forms a loose mesh, but then Factor XIII, (13) causes the formation of cross link-like structures, which convert fibrin into denser fibers. Platelets and red blood cells become caught up in this mesh of fiber, and the end result is the formation of a blood clot. (Liebman, et al, 2008). Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, as stated earlier, leads to the formation of small blood clots inside the blood vessels, and may occur in 30-50% of patients with sepsis. It develops in an estimated 1% of all hospitalized patients. DIC occurs at all ages and in all races, and no particular sex predisposition has been noted. (Matsuda, 1996). As stated above, that massive activation of the cascade-like reaction as a normal clotting mechanism, now causes a generation of microthrombi to release that make vessels occlude and leads to tissue ischemia. All these clot formations devour the available coagulation proteins and platelets. They become depleted and severe hemorrhage may result. The common bleeding sites are the mouth, nose and venipuncture sites. There is extensive bruising, and multiple organ failure. Laboratory findings show the PT and APTT are usually very prolonged and the fibrinogen level is markedly reduced. High levels of fibrin degradation products are noted. There is severe thrombocytopenia. The only effective treatment is reversing the underlying cause. Platelets may be transfused if counts are less than 5-10,000/mm and massive hemorrhage is occurring. Fresh frozen plasma can also be administered in an attempt to replenish the coagulation factors, though these are only temporary measures and may result in an increased development of even more thrombi. The prognosis varies depending on the cause and extent of the intravascular thrombosis. For patients with DIC, regardless of the cause, it is often sad, and between 10% and 50% of these patients will die. DIC with sepsis has a significantly higher rate of death than DIC that is associated with trauma. References Leibman, H.A., Weitz, I.C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. In:Hoffman, R., Benz, E.J., Shattil, S.S., et al, eds. Hematology:Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, Elsevier, Churchill, Livingstone; 2008: 132. Matsuda, T. Clinical aspects of DIC-disseminated intravascular coagulation. Pol Journal of Pharmacology. Jan-Feb 1996;48(1):73-5. [Medline]. Porth Mattson, C. 2011. Essentials of Pathophysiology. (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa:Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. Schafer, A. I. Hemorrhagic disorders:disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver failure, and vitamin K deficiency. In:Goldman, L., Ausiello D. eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders, Elsevier, Churchill, Livingstone; 2008:chap 181.

Government and Economics in China Essay example - 1284 Words

Introduction China is one of the most populous countries of the world with over 1.3 billion people and covering a geographical area of about 9.6 million square kilometres. It lies on the eastern end of the large Asia continent and enjoys a remarkably long coastline. It has a large economy, given the large population and a wide array of natural resources especially mineral resources which are the backbone of its economy. With a well cultivated constitution that was put in place by the largest political party, the Communist Party of China (CPC), China has reforms underway aimed at closing the otherwise wide gap between the rich and the poor. The country suffers employment deficit, despite having one of the world’s largest economy. The†¦show more content†¦The legal system of Chinese government has lately disapproved abuse of official authority. With the adoption of a new constitution in 1982 under which any state official must be of high integrity and accountability, foreign invest ors feel safe and assured that their efforts are standing on firm foundation. The government of China has for ages had respect for human rights and has made several campaigns as a step towards bringing its human rights into conformity with international norms (Barboza 2010. Davis 2007). However, in practice, these rights are somehow limited to personal level module as the government does not readily allow assemblies and restricts the freedom of expression and the press. Religion freedom is also under restriction although the underway restriction efforts have not been as successful. The major economic activity is agriculture and the largest portion of the immense population of China engages in agriculture related activities. This is of enormous significance because a country with such a large population definitely requires a stable source of food. However, only 10% of the country’s land cover provides viable land for meaningful agricultural production. While this activity is highly mechanized, virtually all cultivatable land is put under production of food crops (Child 2009). Surprisingly, China produces enough agricultural products for local consumption and too, for export. China is a well industrialized country.Show MoreRelatedComparative Politics and the Peoples Republic of China1266 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is one regime that stands out to me. The rise of China as one of today’s economic powers is fascinating. When studying China’s political system on the form of comparative politics its best to look pass general questions. One has to study China’s whole system to truly understand its impact on all other nations. China has currently moved ahead of the United States in so many ways. 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Comparing the GDP of 2012 and 1978, there was a 142 times increase. The GDP per capita has increase 101 times as well. It has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty (Zhao, 2014). This economic miracle is credited toRead MoreThe Causes and Future of Taiwan and Hong Kongs FDI in Mainland China844 Words   |  4 PagesFrom 1979-2000, China pursued a policy this promoted FDI related to export promotion, which contributed to Taiwan and Hong Kong investment, because it helped it helped protect China’s local businesses. Market driven FDI, which is primarily what the US, EU and Japan are interested in investing, was limited in China because it would potentially hurt Chinese firms due to intense competition from western firms (Naugh ton, 403). 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